Assistant Electrical Inspector Syllabus

Detailed Syllabus for Assistant Electrical Inspector

(Category No. 132/2020)

Basic Electrical Engineering

• Concept of EMF and Potential difference – Drift velocity – Relation between current and drift velocity – Resistance – Resistivity or specific resistance – Conductance – Conductivity – Power rating of resistor – Carbon resistors and their colour code – Effect of temperature on resistance – Temperature coefficient of resistance OHM’S LAW – Ohmic and Non-ohmic conductors
• Work – Energy – Electric Power – Units of Power – Electrical Energy – Commercial unit of Electrical energy – Thermal energy – Efficiency Heating effect of Electric Current – Joules law – Applications – Fuses Electrical materials: Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors
• INDUCTOR – Introduction – Current-Voltage relation of Inductor – Energy stored in an inductor – Combination of Inductors: Series and Parallel
• CAPACITANCE – Its importance – Current-Voltage relation for a Capacitor – Capacitance of Parallel Plate – Relative Permittivity or Dielectric Constant – Dielectric Strength – Energy Stored in a Charged Capacitor – Energy density – Combination of Capacitors: Series and Parallel Types of Capacitors

Electrostatic & Magnetism

• ELECTROSTATICS – Coulomb’s Law of Electrical Force – Absolute and Relative Permittivity – Gauss Theorem – Electric Field – Electric Field Intensity or Field Strength – Electric Field Intensity due to a point Charge & group of point charges – Electric Flux – Flux density – Electron volt
• ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION – Flux Linkages – Faraday’s Law of EMI – Induced EMF – Direction of Induced EMF and Current ( Lenz’s Law, Fleming’s Right Hand Rule) – Statically Induced EMF(Self and Mutually Induced EMF) – Dynamically Induced EMF – Self Inductance – Mutual Inductance – Inductance of a Solenoid – Coefficient of Coupling – Magnetically Coupled Coils
• MAGNETISM & ELECTROMAGNETISM – Magnets – Permanent and Temporary magnets – Laws of Magnetic Force – Magnetic Field – Magnetic effect of Electric Current (Right Hand rule, Cross-dot notation) – Magnetic Flux – Manetic Flux density – Magnetic Circuit – Magnetomotiveforce – Magnetic Field Intensity – Absolute and Relative Permeability – Relation between B & H Classification of materials: Paramagnetic, Diamagnetic, Ferromagnetic materials
• Magnetic force on a Current carrying Conductor – Direction of Force (Right Hand Rule) – Biot-Savart’s Law – Ampere’s Circuital Law – Magnetic field due to Straight Current carrying Conductor – Right Hand Grip Rule
• MAGNETIC CIRCUIT – Definition – Analysis of Magnetic Circuit – mmf – Reluctance – Permeance – Air gaps in Magnetic Circuits – Calculation of Ampere-turns – Magnetic Leakage Flux – B-H Curve or Magnetisation Curve for Magnetic and Non-magnetic materials
• Hysterisis Loop (Residual Flux density , Retentivity, Coercive force) – Importance of Hysterisis Loop – Hysterisis Loss – Steinmetz Hysterisis Law – Eddy Current – Eddy Current Power Loss

Network Theory

• DIRECT CURRENT – Resistors in Series and Parallel – DC Series-Parallel circuit
• NETWORK THEOREMS – Active element – Passive element – Node – Junction – Branch – Loop – Mesh – KIRCHHOFF’s LAW – KCL – KVL – Sign Convention – Ideal and Practical Voltage Sources -Ideal and Practical Current Sources
• Source Conversion – Maxwell’s Mesh Current method – Nodal analysis – Superposition theorem
• Thevenin’s theorem – Norton’s theorem – Maximum Power Transfer theorem – Delta to Star Conversion – Star to Delta Conversion
• ALTERNATING CURRENT – Alternating Voltage and Current Technical Terms: Instantaneous Value – Cycle – Alternation – Time Period – Frequency – Amplitude – Angular Frequency and Frequency – Frequency and Speed -Average Value of AC – RMS or Effective value of AC – Form Factor – Peak Factor – Phase and Phase difference – Phasor Diagram of Sine wave – AC through Pure Resistor, Inductor, Capacitor – Inductive and Capacitive Reactance
• Transient response of DC & AC networks: Transient Voltage or Current – Charging of a Capacitor – Discharging of a Capacitor – Closing and Breaking of R-L Circuit – Rise and Decay of Current in R-L DC Circuit – Time Constant – Application to AC Circuits – RL, RC, RLC Series AC Circuit – Maximum Power Transfer for ac Circuits – Application to AC Circuits – RL, RC, RLC Series AC Circuit – Maximum Power Transfer for ac Circuits
• SERIES AC CIRCUIT – R-L Series AC Circuit – Impedance Triangle – Power factor – it’s Significance – True and Reactive Power – Power Triangle- R-C Series AC Circuit – R-L-C Series AC Circuit Resonance in AC Circuit – Series Resonance – Q factor – Band Width
• PARALLEL AC CIRCUIT – Importance – R-C Parallel Circuit – Solution of Parallel Circuits – Admittance Triangle – Resonance in Parallel AC Circuit – Q factor – Band Width – Comparison of Series and Parallel Resonant Circuits – Basic Filter Concepts
• Three Phase Circuit – Introduction – Interconnection (Star & Delta) : analysis – Power Measurement – Determination of Power factor using Wattmeter method – Power factor Improvement & Correction
• Two Port network – Interconnection of networks

Electrical Machines

• DC GENERATOR – Principle – Constructional features – Windings (Lap and Wave) – EMF equation – Armature Resistance – Types of generator (Separately & Self excited) – Applications – Losses -Power Stages – Condition for maximum Efficiency
• Armature Reaction – Effects – Commutation – Methods of improving Commutation – Generator characteristics for different types of Generators – Critical Field Resistance & Critical Speed
• DC MOTOR – Principle – Constructional features – Back emf – Voltage equation – Power equation – Torque equation(Armature, Shaft, Bhp) – Condition for maximum Mechanical Power – Types of motors, their Characteristics & Applications – Factors controlling Motor Speed – Speed Regulation
• Speed control methods of shunt, series and compound motors – Starting of DC motors – Starter Types and its necessity – Losses – Efficiency – Power stages
• TRANSFORMER – Principle – Working – EMF equation – Voltage Transformation Ratio – Ideal and Practical Transformer(No Load, On Load) – Equivalent Circuit – Voltage Regulation – Transformer Tests (OC, SC and Sumpner’s tests) – Losses – Efficiency – Maximum efficiency(Condition, Output KVA)
• Distribution transformer – All day efficiency – Cooling – Three phase transformer – connections – Parallel operation – Autotransformer – Principle- Saving of copper
• ALTERNATOR – Introduction – Construction (Salient pole & Non-salient pole) – Working – Winding factor(Distribution & Pitch factor) – Excitation methods – EMF equation – Frequency of Induced emf – Alternator on No Load and ON Load
• Armature reaction – Phasor diagram – Voltage Regulation – Output Power – Losses -Cooling systems – Parallel operation – Synchronising Power – Hunting
• SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR – Introduction – Construction – Principle – Methods of Starting – Pull out torque – Power Relation – Motor torque – Mechanical power – Characteristics – Power factor of Synchronous Motor – Synchronous Capacitor – Applications
• INDUCTION MOTOR – Introduction(Single and Three Phase IM) – Construction (Squirrel Cage & Slip Ring) – Operation – Synchronous Speed – Slip – Rotor Current, Frequency & Torque – Starting Torque – Torque-Slip Characteristics – IM Torque (Full Load, Starting, Maximum torque)
• Speed Regulation – Speed Control – Power Stages – Output Power – Methods of Starting -Applications – Ceiling fan – Comparison between Synchronous & Induction motors
• SINGLE PHASE MOTOR – Introduction – Single Phase IM (Self Starting) – Split Phase IM – Capacitor Start Motor – Capacitor Start Capacitor Run Motor – Shaded-Pole Motor – AC Series or Universal Motor – Repulsion Motor – Single Phase Synchronous Motor – Reluctance Motor – Hysterisis Motor – Servo motor

Power Systems

• Electrical Power Generation – Generating Stations (Thermal, Hydro, Diesel, Nuclear Power Station)
• Load Curve – Terminologies like Load factor, Demand factor, Diversity factor, Economics of Power Generation – Power factor Improvement
• Transmission – Introduction – Comparison of D.C & A.C Transmisssion – Various Systems of Power Transmission – Economics Choice of Conductor Size & Transmission Voltage – Overload Lines – Transmission line parameters– T and ∏ models – GMD and GMR – ABCD constants – One-line diagrams per unit quantities
• Types of Insulators – String efficiency – Arrangement of Conductors – Sag – Economic Span – Performance of Transmission Line – skin effect – corona and Ferranti effect
• Cables – terms, definitions & types – Underground cables
• Distribution – Introduction – Types – Comparison of DC and AC single phase and 3 phase systems – Connection Schemes of Distribution System : Radial, Ring & Inter-connected
• Load Flow – Concepts – Bus impedance – Admittance matrices – Load flow studies
• Faults in Power Systems – Symmetrical & Unsymmetrical Faults (LG, LL & LLG faults) -Symmetrical Components
• Power System Stability – Steady state transient and dynamic stability, Equal area criterion, Swing curve.
• Switchgear – Bus-bar arrangement – Circuit Breakers : Principle, Operation & Types – Circuit Breaker Ratings – Fuses : Terms, definitions & types
• Protective Relays : Terms, definitions & types and operation, Protective zones – different protection schemes – Primary and Secondary – Protection of Alternators, Transformers, Bus-bars, Lines & Protection against Lightning & Overvoltages – Calculation of fault KVA
• HVDC Transmission & FACTS Devices

Electrical Measurements

• Error analysis – Electrical Instruments – Types & Operation – Principles of PMMC, Moving iron & their extending ranges
• Principles of Electrodynamometer type instruments & their extending ranges – Measurement of Voltage, Current, Power energy and Power factor – Ammeter & Voltmeter
• Induction type watt-hour meter – Potentiometers
• DC bridges and AC bridges – Magnetic measurements
• Instrument transformers, Digital voltmeters and Multimeters – Digital measurements of frequency, Phase angle, Time interval.
• Electronic energy meter – high voltage measurements
• Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) – Q-meters
• Instrumentation – Insulation megger – earth megger – Quadrant electrometer – TOD meter

Analog Electronics

• PN Junction – Characteristics of diodes – Germanium – Silicon – Breakdown Mechanism – Types of diode – Schottky diode – Zener diode – Photodiode – LED
• Transistor – different configurations – Characteristics – Applications – Equivalent circuits – h parameters
• BJT – MOSFET – Characteristics, Configuration & Application – Equivalent circuits – h parameters
• Amplifier – classification, working, circuit diagram and application. Schmitt trigger
• Oscillator – negative feed back- concept of Barhusens’s criteria- types – VCO
• Mutivibrator – Sample and hold circuit
• Operational amplifier – working, characteristic and applications.

Power Electronics

• SCR – Principle, Construction, Operation and Characteristics
• UJT- FET- Diac- Triac – GTOs – IGBTs- Principle, Construction, Operation and Characteristics
• Triggering circuits – Phase controlled rectifiers – Bridge Converters – Fully controlled & half controlled
• Chopper – Inverter – Principles – Basis concepts of adjustable speed DC and AC drives – SMPS

Digital Electronics

• Number system – Conversion of decimal, Octal and hexadecimal into binary and vice versa
• Binary – addition, subtraction – BCD addition – Signed binary number: True magnitude form – 1’s Complement – 2’s Complement
• Logic Gates – Basic gates – Truth table – Boolean algebra – Universal logic gates – K-Map – De Morgan’s Theorem
• Combinational circuits – Half adder – Full adder – Multiplexing – Demultiplexing
• Sequential circuits – Flipflops – Circuit and Clocked flipflops – Counter

Design & Estimation

• Illumination : terms and definitions – Laws of illumination – Various Lighting Schemes- Illumination level for various places- Space height ratio- Utilization factor – Depreciation factor – Maintenance factor.
• Types of lamps – Incandescent – Gas filled lamps, Advantages over vacuum lamps- Types of gases used- Arc lamps – Principle and uses – Halogen lamps – CFL working and uses – discharge lamps – sodium lamps – HMPV and LMPV lamps – neon lamps – fluorescent lamps and the field application of each.
• ESD – General awareness of IS Codes – Electricity Acts & Rules – NEC – Domestic Installations
• Medium and HV installations – selection of cables and cable glands – guidelines for cable installation
• Installation of induction motors – Design of distribution systems with light power and motor loads – Selection and installation of transformers, switchgears & protective devices
• Design of earthing system – Pipe, plate and mat earthing – lightning arresters.
• Metering and protection. HT and LT breaker control panels. Selection of standby generator – installation and its protection.

Control System

• Open loop and Closed loop system – Transfer function – Force-Voltage & force-current analogy – Block diagrams – Signal flow graphs – Mason’s gain formula- Characteristic equation
• Time domain analysis – Transient and steady state responses- Time domain specifications- Steady state error
• Concept of stability – Routh’s stability criterion – Root locus – effect of addition of poles and zeros
• Frequency domain analysis – Nyquist & Bode plots – Gain margins – Phase margin – Lag, Lead and Lag-lead compensators & their design using Bode plot.
• State space model – state transition matrix – controllability and observability.

Microprocessor

• Microprocessor – 8085 – Basics, Architecture, Instructions, Interrupt
• Microprocessor – 8086 – Basics, Architecture, Instructions
• Microcontroller – 8051 microcontrollers features – Block diagram – Architecture – Register structure – Special function registers – Internal and External memory – Pin details – ports
• Counters and timers in 8052 – Serial I/O s, Associated registers – Interrupts- PLC- applications, importance, block diagram, operation, types of PLC s
• Programming methods – Interfacing
• ADC and DAC

Signals & Systems

• Representation of continuous and discrete time signals – shifting and scaling operation – liner time invariant and causal systems
• Z transforms – Laplace transforms
• Fourier transforms

Utilization of Electrical Energy

• Electric heating – Advantages and types of electric heating – Properties of resistance heating materials- Design of heating elements – Resistance ovens – Methods of temperature controls.
• Induction heating – Principle – Factors affecting induction heating – Induction furnace : Core type and Core less type – High frequency eddy current heating – Dielectric heating – Equivalent circuit – Loss angle application of dielectric heating – Arc furnace – Direct and Indirect types.
• Electric welding – Principle and types – Resistance welding – Spot welding – Pre welding – Seam welding – Electric arc welding – Electrical properties of negative resistance – Types of arc welding – Requirements of welding generators and transformers – Use of reactor for control of welding current – Third brush and Bipolar welding generators – Description.

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